Iftikhar Ali. Leonezza Leones. Kassandra De Lara. Show More. Views Total views. Actions Shares. No notes for slide. Computer based information system 1. Computer based information system 2. Some terms related to CBIS include computer base. The purpose of collecting this data is to maintain records of the students during study period. When raw facts and figures are processed and arranged in some order then they become information. Information has proper meanings. Information is useful in decision- making.
Actually we process data to convert it into information. EXAMPLE: If we want to know about the student who is outside from the Lahore then can be found by some processing and this processed data is information. Business firms and other organizations rely on information systems to carry out and manage their operations, interact with their customers and suppliers, and compete in the marketplace. A computer- based information system, or CBIS, uses computers to collect, process, store, analyze and distribute information for a specific purpose, such as meeting a business objective.
This category includes the computer itself, which is often referred to as the central processing unit CPU , and all of its support equipment. Among the support equipment are input and output devices, storage devices and communications devices. Computer programs are machine-readable instructions that direct the circuitry within the hardware parts of the Computer Based Information System CBIS to function in ways that produce useful information from data.
Like programs, data are generally stored in machine- readable form on disk or tape until the computer needs them. Often the most over-looked element of the CBIS is the people. The adoption of computer based information systems have strategic consequence for organizations. The information systems perform four major roles in an organization: support of business operations, support of management decision making, support of management control and support of strategic organizational advantages.
Increasingly, information systems are playing even more central role in the firm a strategic role. The main reason being that huge amount of data relating to accounts and other transactions can be processed very quickly.
Earlier most of the computer applications were concerned with record keeping and the automation of routine clerical processes. MIS are more concerned with management function. MIS can be described as information system that can provide all levels of management with information essential to the running of smooth business.
It provides easy access to internal and external information relevant to organizational goals. Advantages of ESS: Flexibility and ease of use. Provides the timely information with the short response time and also with the quick retrieval. Produces the relevant information. A transaction is any event or activity that affects the whole organization.
Placing orders, billing customers, hiring of employees and depositing cheque are some of the common transactions. The types of transactions that occur vary from organization to organization. They are being developed with the hope and expectation that they will increase the efficiency and productivity of office workers, typists, secretaries, administrative assistants, staff professionals, managers and others.
Special reports usually provide a portrait of something that is happening or has just occurred, in contrast to the periodic reports that is more oriented to the past or what could also terjadi. Laporan is a combination of periodic reports and special reports, for example, to compare current earnings with reports in the same period the previous year. This report called Management by exception. Management by exception can be incorporated into the report in four ways.
The following report shows the commodity which has the largest sales value to the smallest. The report is designed so that managers can find perkekecualian in certain areas, for example if he wants to see the receivables older than 90 days. Mathematical models can be categorized in three characteristics of the influence of time, the level of confidence, and optimization capabilities.
Mathematical model based on the influence of time can be grouped into static or dynamic models, dynamic models have a variable time, so that the simulation results will be based on the analysis period. Mathematical model based on confidence level, the model includes deterministic or probabilistic models. Deterministic model is the model that the results will be known with certainty if the value of the variables that shape known. Probabilistic model will generate possibilities although the shape variables known with certainty.
Model based optimization capabilities can be divided into the optimization model or suboptimasi. Optimization model is a model that can choose the best solution from the various alternatives, to achieve this model of the problem must have a very good struiktur. Suboptimasidisebut model model satisficing model, allows managers to enter a series of decisions and the model will project the result, this model does not identify the best decision but to help managers decide that.
EOQ model is a model that has characteristics of static, deterministic, and optimization. Modeling is expensive but it does not mean than the impact of bad decisions. The loss of the dominant factors will greatly affect the quality of information it generates.
Identification of factors will not be completely useless if Modeler does not have the ability to connect with mathematical operators right. Graphical display is now become a compulsory fiturt to provide information systems. Decisions must be taken to avoid or reduce negative impacts or to take advantage of opportunities.
Type DSS The first type only allows managers to take a decision elements, such as asking how many sales region X. For example changes in product prices and their implications for profits. Stay in Houston. DSS first three simply by using a database query, while the last three must include a mathematical model. Expert system similar to the DSS is aimed at providing support for high-level troubleshooting for users.
Very often explain how to solve the problem proved more valuable than the solution itself. Expert System Part User Interface, is the part that allows managers mamasukan instructions and information into and receive information from the expert system. They are used by businesses, governments and anyone needing ready access to important information.
History of Computer-based Information Systems Information systems have been in use for centuries. For example, they were used by merchants, traders, armies and governments to record transactions and track expenses. Depending on armies of clerks, they were slow and cumbersome. Although various tools, such as the abacus and basic calculator simplified the process, it took days, weeks or even months to get an answer.
Birth of Computer-based Information Systems After the first practical computers were developed, they were put to work by companies wanting to streamline accounting processes. As computing capabilities and the ability to store data electronically developed, organizations quickly realized the benefits of computer-based information technology that could provide information to guide decisions.
Gradually, organizations developed integrated computer-based information systems that had the capability to manage and monitor the performance of entire organizations. What Goes into a Computer-based Information System? A CBIS has four key components: hardware, software, data and network.
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